In light of recent ethological studies concerning social structures in the animal kingdom, I am interested in exploring the evolutionary basis for grief. When observing species like elephants or cetaceans engaging in what appear to be mourning rituals, to what extent can we quantify these as survival mechanisms—such as strengthening group cohesion—versus genuine individual psychological distress? I am particularly looking for data regarding the neuro-biological markers associated with loss-related behaviors in mammals. If anyone has peer-reviewed recommendations comparing cross-species emotional intelligence, I would appreciate a deeper dive into how inter-species altruism might contribute to broader ecological stability